MOROS Manual

Boot

During boot MOROS will display its version followed by the memory layout, memory size, processor, devices, network cards, disks, and the real time clock.

[0.250962] SYS MOROS v0.11.0
[0.254961] MEM [0x00000000000000-0x00000000000FFF] FrameZero
[0.255961] MEM [0x00000000001000-0x00000000004FFF] PageTable
[0.256961] MEM [0x00000000005000-0x00000000014FFF] Bootloader
[0.256961] MEM [0x00000000015000-0x00000000015FFF] BootInfo
[0.257961] MEM [0x00000000016000-0x0000000009EFFF] Kernel
[0.258961] MEM [0x0000000009F000-0x0000000009FFFF] Reserved
[0.259960] MEM [0x000000000A0000-0x000000000EFFFF] Unmapped
[0.260960] MEM [0x000000000F0000-0x000000000FFFFF] Reserved
[0.261960] MEM [0x00000000100000-0x0000000010BFFF] Kernel
[0.261960] MEM [0x0000000010C000-0x0000000030BFFF] KernelStack
[0.262960] MEM [0x0000000030C000-0x000000003FFFFF] Usable
[0.262960] MEM [0x00000000400000-0x000000005FDFFF] Kernel
[0.263960] MEM [0x000000005FE000-0x0000000060EFFF] PageTable
[0.264960] MEM [0x0000000060F000-0x00000001FDFFFF] Usable
[0.264960] MEM [0x00000001FE0000-0x00000001FFFFFF] Reserved
[0.265960] MEM [0x00000002000000-0x000000FFFBFFFF] Unmapped
[0.265960] MEM [0x000000FFFC0000-0x000000FFFFFFFF] Reserved
[0.266959] RAM 32 MB
[0.363945] CPU GenuineIntel
[0.363945] CPU Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     T7700  @ 2.40GHz
[0.368944] CPU BP:0 running
[0.369944] CPU AP:1 waiting
[0.398939] RNG RDRAND unavailable
[0.413937] PCI 0000:00:00 [8086:1237]
[0.414937] PCI 0000:01:00 [8086:7000]
[0.414937] PCI 0000:01:01 [8086:7010]
[0.414937] PCI 0000:01:03 [8086:7113]
[0.415937] PCI 0000:02:00 [1234:1111]
[0.415937] PCI 0000:03:00 [8086:100E]
[0.422936] NET DRV E1000
[0.424935] NET MAC 52-54-00-12-34-56
[0.431934] ATA 0:0 QEMU HARDDISK QM00001 (32 MB)
[0.436933] RTC 2024-11-02 18:18:38 +0000

Installation

The first time MOROS will boot in diskless mode where you can use the builtin commands to test the system or install to setup the filesystem on a disk:

Warning: MFS not found, run 'install' to setup the system

/
> install
Welcome to MOROS v0.11.0 installation program!

Proceed? [y/N] y

Listing disks ...
Path            Name (Size)
/dev/ata/0/0    QEMU HARDDISK QM00001 (32 MB)
/dev/mem        RAM DISK

Formatting disk ...
Enter path of disk to format: /dev/ata/0/0
Disk successfully formatted
MFS is now mounted to '/'

Populating filesystem...
Creating '/bin'
Creating '/dev'
Creating '/ini'
Creating '/lib'
Creating '/net'
Creating '/src'
Creating '/tmp'
Creating '/usr'
Creating '/var'
Fetching '/bin/clear'
Fetching '/bin/get'
Fetching '/bin/halt'
Fetching '/bin/ntp'
Fetching '/bin/pkg'
Fetching '/bin/print'
Fetching '/bin/reboot'
Fetching '/bin/sleep'
Creating '/dev/ata'
Creating '/dev/ata/0'
Creating '/dev/ata/1'
Creating '/dev/clk'
Creating '/dev/net'
Creating '/dev/vga'
Creating '/dev/ata/0/0'
Creating '/dev/ata/0/1'
Creating '/dev/ata/1/0'
Creating '/dev/ata/1/1'
Creating '/dev/clk/boot'
Creating '/dev/clk/epoch'
Creating '/dev/clk/rtc'
Creating '/dev/console'
Creating '/dev/net/tcp'
Creating '/dev/net/udp'
Creating '/dev/net/gw'
Creating '/dev/net/ip'
Creating '/dev/net/mac'
Creating '/dev/net/usage'
Creating '/dev/null'
Creating '/dev/random'
Creating '/dev/speaker'
Creating '/dev/vga/buffer'
Creating '/dev/vga/font'
Creating '/dev/vga/mode'
Creating '/dev/vga/palette'
Fetching '/ini/banner.txt'
Fetching '/ini/boot.sh'
Fetching '/ini/lisp.lsp'
Fetching '/ini/shell.sh'
Fetching '/ini/version.txt'
Creating '/ini/palettes'
Fetching '/ini/palettes/default.sh'
Fetching '/ini/palettes/gruvbox-dark.sh'
Fetching '/ini/palettes/gruvbox-light.sh'
Creating '/ini/fonts'
Fetching '/ini/fonts/zap-light-8x16.psf'
Creating '/lib/lisp'
Fetching '/lib/lisp/alias.lsp'
Fetching '/lib/lisp/core.lsp'
Fetching '/lib/lisp/file.lsp'
Fetching '/lib/lisp/math.lsp'
Fetching '/tmp/alice.txt'
Fetching '/tmp/machines.txt'
Creating '/var/log'
Creating '/var/www'
Fetching '/var/www/index.html'
Fetching '/var/www/moros.css'
Fetching '/var/www/moros.png'
Creating '/var/pkg'

Creating user...
Username: vinc
Password:
Confirm:

Installation successful!

Quit the console or reboot to apply changes

You can then use ^D (a key combination of CTRL and D) to quit the diskless mode and let MOROS run the bootscript /ini/boot.sh to login and use the shell.

If no disks were detected or if you prefer not to use any you can mount the system in memory and use a virtual disk with memory format before install or using /dev/mem for the disk during the setup.

Shell

The shell is the primary command line interface to use MOROS. This is were you can type a command and its arguments to tell the system what to do:

~
> print "Hello, World!"
Hello, World!

The system has a help command to help you remember the basic commands.

Most commands also have a special --help argument to show all their options.

Directories

The line above the command prompt tells you where you are in the disk. The tilde ~ means that you are in your home directory:

~
> print $DIR
/usr/vinc

You can change directory by typing it as if it was a command:

~
> /tmp

/tmp
> print $DIR
/tmp

From now on we'll omit the directory line in most examples.

You can list the content of a directory with list:

> list /tmp
5090 2023-04-17 06:25:54 alice.txt
  82 2023-04-17 06:25:55 beep
 324 2023-04-17 06:25:55 life
 168 2023-04-17 06:25:55 lisp
 649 2023-04-17 06:25:54 machines.txt

The command has some options to sort the results:

> list --help
Usage: list <options> [<dir>]

Options:
  -b, --binary-size   Use binary size
  -a, --all           Show dot files
  -n, --name          Sort by name
  -s, --size          Sort by size
  -t, --time          Sort by time

You can write a directory in the disk with write:

> write test/

> list
5090 2023-04-17 06:25:54 alice.txt
  82 2023-04-17 06:25:55 beep
 324 2023-04-17 06:25:55 life
 168 2023-04-17 06:25:55 lisp
 649 2023-04-17 06:25:54 machines.txt
   0 2023-04-17 07:06:18 test

The slash / at the end of test/ is there to tell the write command to create a directory instead of a file.

Files

You can create a file by redirecting the output of a command with an arrow => to the file:

> print "Hello, World!" => hello.txt

The command read will read the content of the file:

> read hello.txt
Hello, World!

You can edit a file with the edit command that will run the text editor.

Use ^W (a key combination of CTRL and W) inside the editor to write the content to the file and ^Q to quit the editor and go back to the shell.

The help command has a subcommand help edit to list the editor commands:

> help edit
MOROS text editor is a very simple editor inspired by Pico.

Commands:
  ^Q    Quit editor
  ^W    Write to file
  ^X    Write to file and quit
  ^T    Go to top of file
  ^B    Go to bottom of file
  ^A    Go to beginning of line
  ^E    Go to end of line
  ^D    Cut line
  ^Y    Copy line
  ^P    Paste line

Time

You can print the date with date:

> date
2001-01-01 00:00:00 +0000

You can update the real time clock by writing the correct time to its device file:

> print 2023-03-21 10:00:00 => /dev/clk/rtc

> date
2023-03-21 10:00:00 +0000

You can also set the TZ environment variable to use your preferred timezone:

> calc "2 * 60 * 60"
7200

> env TZ 7200

> date
2023-03-21 12:00:00 +0200

Add env TZ 7200 to /ini/boot.sh before shell to save the timezone:

> read /ini/boot.sh
shell /ini/palettes/gruvbox-dark.sh
read /ini/fonts/zap-light-8x16.psf => /dev/vga/font
read /ini/banner.txt
user login
env TZ 7200
shell

There's a device file to get the number of seconds elapsed since Unix Epoch:

> read /dev/clk/epoch
1682105344.624905

And another one since boot:

> read /dev/clk/boot
1169.384929

Aliases

You can add custom commands to the shell with the alias command.

For example you can define an uptime command that will read the device file described above:

> alias uptime "read /dev/clk/boot"

> uptime
1406.304852

You can add that command to /ini/shell.sh to save it.

Some shortcuts have been defined in that file for the most frequent commands, for example you can use e instead of edit to edit a file.

> read /ini/shell.sh
# Command shortcuts
alias c    copy
alias d    delete
alias e    edit
alias f    find
alias h    help
alias l    list
alias m    move
alias p    print
alias q    quit
alias r    read
alias w    write

alias sh   shell
alias dsk  disk
alias mem  memory
alias kbd  keyboard

Network

You can setup the network manually with some network device files or automatically with the dhcp command:

> dhcp
[8.801660] NET IP 10.0.2.15/24
[8.804659] NET GW 10.0.2.2
[8.808659] NET DNS 10.0.2.3

A few tools are available like the generalist socket command that be used to send and receive TCP packets:

> socket 10.0.2.2:1234
Hello, World!

Or the more specialized http command to request a document from a web server:

> http moros.cc /test.html
<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>MOROS</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/moros.css">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>MOROS</h1>
  </body>
</html>

There is also a ntp script to synchronize the clock over the network:

> ntp
2023-03-21 10:00:00

> ntp => /dev/clk/rtc
[12.111156] RTC 2023-03-21 10:00:00 +0000