During boot MOROS will display its version followed by the memory layout, memory size, processor, devices, network cards, disks, and the real time clock.
[0.250962] MOROS v0.10.3
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000000000-0x00000000000FFF] FrameZero
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000001000-0x00000000004FFF] PageTable
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000005000-0x00000000015FFF] Bootloader
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000016000-0x00000000016FFF] BootInfo
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000017000-0x0000000002DFFF] Kernel
[0.250962] MEM [0x0000000002E000-0x0000000009EFFF] KernelStack
[0.250962] MEM [0x0000000009F000-0x0000000009FFFF] Reserved
[0.250962] MEM [0x000000000F0000-0x000000000FFFFF] Reserved
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000100000-0x0000000028EFFF] KernelStack
[0.250962] MEM [0x0000000028F000-0x000000003FFFFF] Usable
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000000400000-0x000000005E1FFF] Kernel
[0.250962] MEM [0x000000005E2000-0x000000005EFFFF] PageTable
[0.250962] MEM [0x000000005F0000-0x00000001FDFFFF] Usable
[0.250962] MEM [0x00000001FE0000-0x00000001FFFFFF] Reserved
[0.250962] MEM [0x000000FEFFC000-0x000000FEFFFFFF] Reserved
[0.250962] MEM [0x000000FFFC0000-0x000000FFFFFFFF] Reserved
[0.250962] MEM 32720 KB
[0.251962] CPU GenuineIntel
[0.254961] CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4300M CPU @ 2.60GHz
[0.284957] PCI 0000:00:00 [8086:1237]
[0.312952] PCI 0000:01:00 [8086:7000]
[0.321951] PCI 0000:01:01 [8086:7010]
[0.321951] PCI 0000:01:03 [8086:7113]
[0.322951] PCI 0000:02:00 [1234:1111]
[0.323951] PCI 0000:03:00 [10EC:8139]
[0.377942] NET RTL8139 MAC 52-54-00-12-34-56
[0.382942] ATA 0:0 QEMU HARDDISK QM00001 (32 MB)
[0.384941] MFS Superblock found in ATA 0:0
[0.386941] RTC 2023-04-17 20:00:28 +0000
The first time MOROS will boot in diskless mode where you can use the builtin
commands to test the system or install to setup the
filesystem on a disk:
Warning: MFS not found, run 'install' to setup the system
/
> install
Welcome to MOROS v0.10.3 installation program!
Proceed? [y/N] y
Listing disks ...
Path Name (Size)
/dev/ata/0/0 QEMU HARDDISK QM00001 (32 MB)
/dev/mem RAM DISK
Formatting disk ...
Enter path of disk to format: /dev/ata/0/0
Disk successfully formatted
MFS is now mounted to '/'
Populating filesystem...
Created '/bin'
Created '/dev'
Created '/ini'
Created '/lib'
Created '/net'
Created '/src'
Created '/tmp'
Created '/usr'
Created '/var'
Copied '/bin/clear'
Copied '/bin/halt'
Copied '/bin/ntp'
Copied '/bin/print'
Copied '/bin/reboot'
Copied '/bin/sleep'
Created '/dev/ata'
Created '/dev/ata/0'
Created '/dev/ata/0/0'
Created '/dev/ata/0/1'
Created '/dev/ata/1'
Created '/dev/ata/1/0'
Created '/dev/ata/1/1'
Created '/dev/clk'
Created '/dev/clk/uptime'
Created '/dev/clk/realtime'
Created '/dev/rtc'
Created '/dev/null'
Created '/dev/random'
Created '/dev/console'
Created '/dev/net'
Created '/dev/net/tcp'
Created '/dev/net/udp'
Copied '/ini/banner.txt'
Copied '/ini/boot.sh'
Copied '/ini/lisp.lsp'
Copied '/ini/shell.sh'
Copied '/ini/version.txt'
Created '/ini/palettes'
Copied '/ini/palettes/gruvbox-dark.sh'
Copied '/ini/palettes/gruvbox-light.sh'
Created '/ini/fonts'
Copied '/ini/fonts/zap-light-8x16.psf'
Copied '/ini/fonts/zap-vga-8x16.psf'
Created '/lib/lisp'
Copied '/lib/lisp/alias.lsp'
Copied '/lib/lisp/core.lsp'
Copied '/lib/lisp/file.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/alice.txt'
Copied '/tmp/machines.txt'
Created '/tmp/lisp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/colors.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/doc.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/factorial.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/fibonacci.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/geotime.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/pi.lsp'
Copied '/tmp/lisp/sum.lsp'
Created '/tmp/life'
Copied '/tmp/life/centinal.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/flower-of-eden.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/garden-of-eden.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/glider-gun.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/pentadecathlon.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/queen-bee-shuttle.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/ship-in-a-bottle.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/thunderbird.cells'
Copied '/tmp/life/wing.cells'
Created '/tmp/beep'
Copied '/tmp/beep/tetris.sh'
Copied '/tmp/beep/starwars.sh'
Copied '/tmp/beep/mario.sh'
Created '/var/log'
Created '/var/www'
Copied '/var/www/index.html'
Copied '/var/www/moros.css'
Copied '/var/www/moros.png'
Creating user...
Username: vinc
Password:
Confirm:
Installation successful!
Quit the console or reboot to apply changes
You can then use ^D (a key combination of CTRL and D) to quit the
diskless mode and let MOROS run the bootscript /ini/boot.sh to login and use
the shell.
If no disks were detected or if you prefer not to use any you can mount the
system in memory and use a virtual disk with memory format before install
or using /dev/mem for the disk during the setup.
The shell is the primary command line interface to use MOROS. This is were you can type a command and its arguments to tell the system what to do:
~
> print "Hello, World!"
Hello, World!
The system has a help command to help you remember the basic commands.
Most commands also have a special --help argument to show all their options.
The line above the command prompt tells you where you are in the disk. The
tilde ~ means that you are in your home directory:
~
> print $DIR
/usr/vinc
You can change directory by typing it as if it was a command:
~
> /tmp
/tmp
> print $DIR
/tmp
From now on we'll omit the directory line in most examples.
You can list the content of a directory with list:
> list /tmp
5090 2023-04-17 06:25:54 alice.txt
82 2023-04-17 06:25:55 beep
324 2023-04-17 06:25:55 life
168 2023-04-17 06:25:55 lisp
649 2023-04-17 06:25:54 machines.txt
The command has some options to sort the results:
> list --help
Usage: list <options> [<dir>]
Options:
-b, --binary-size Use binary size
-a, --all Show dot files
-n, --name Sort by name
-s, --size Sort by size
-t, --time Sort by time
You can write a directory in the disk with write:
> write test/
> list
5090 2023-04-17 06:25:54 alice.txt
82 2023-04-17 06:25:55 beep
324 2023-04-17 06:25:55 life
168 2023-04-17 06:25:55 lisp
649 2023-04-17 06:25:54 machines.txt
0 2023-04-17 07:06:18 test
The slash / at the end of test/ is there to tell the write command to
create a directory instead of a file.
You can create a file by redirecting the output of a command with an arrow =>
to the file:
> print "Hello, World!" => hello.txt
The command read will read the content of the file:
> read hello.txt
Hello, World!
You can edit a file with the edit command that will run the text editor.
Use ^W (a key combination of CTRL and W) inside the editor to write the
content to the file and ^Q to quit the editor and go back to the shell.
The help command has a subcommand help edit to list the editor commands:
> help edit
MOROS text editor is a very simple editor inspired by Pico.
Commands:
^Q Quit editor
^W Write to file
^X Write to file and quit
^T Go to top of file
^B Go to bottom of file
^A Go to beginning of line
^E Go to end of line
^D Cut line
^Y Copy line
^P Paste line
You can print the date with date:
> date
2001-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
You can update the real time clock by writing the correct time to its device file:
> print "2023-03-21 10:00:00" => /dev/rtc
> date
2023-03-21 10:00:00 +0000
You can also set the TZ environment variable to use your preferred timezone:
> calc "2 * 60 * 60"
7200
> env TZ 7200
> date
2023-03-21 12:00:00 +0200
Add env TZ 7200 to /ini/boot.sh before shell to save the timezone:
> read /ini/boot.sh
vga set font /ini/fonts/zap-light-8x16.psf
shell /ini/palettes/gruvbox-dark.sh
read /ini/banner.txt
user login
env TZ 7200
shell
There's a device file to get the number of seconds elapsed since Unix Epoch:
> read /dev/clk/realtime
1682105344.624905
And another one since boot:
> read /dev/clk/uptime
1169.384929
You can add custom commands to the shell with the alias command.
For example you can define an uptime command that will read the device file
described above:
> alias uptime "read /dev/clk/uptime"
> uptime
1406.304852
You can add that command to /ini/shell.sh to save it.
Some shortcuts have been defined in that file for the most frequent commands,
for example you can use e instead of edit to edit a file.
> read /ini/shell.sh
# Command shortcuts
alias c copy
alias d delete
alias e edit
alias f find
alias h help
alias l list
alias m move
alias p print
alias q quit
alias r read
alias w write
alias sh shell
alias dsk disk
alias mem memory
alias kbd keyboard
You can setup the network manually with net or automatically
with dhcp:
> dhcp
ip: 10.0.2.15/24
gw: 10.0.2.2
dns: 10.0.2.3
A few tools are available like the generalist socket command that be used to
send and receive TCP packets:
> socket 10.0.2.2:1234
Hello, World!
Or the more specialized http command to request a document from a web server:
> http moros.cc /test.html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>MOROS</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/moros.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>MOROS</h1>
</body>
</html>
There is also a ntp script to synchronize the clock over the network:
> ntp
2023-03-21 10:00:00
> ntp => /dev/rtc